sample, representative

(NL: steekproef, representatieve)

A sample is representative if the properties of the population are also reflected within the sample.

For example, if in a population 53% identify themselves as female, 46% as male, and 1% as nonbinary, then as a researcher you want these proportions to be reflected in a sample as well.

Small deviations are acceptable, though, and a researcher can verify whether this is the case using a chi-squared goodness-of-fit test.